Noirs that aren't #2: Maîtresse (1975)

I first saw Barbet Schroeder's Maîtresse (1975) in 1983, at the Auckland International Film Festival. This weekend I got to see the fully-restored version on the big screen at the BFI, digitally projected. (It strobed). The graphic sexual scenes may have been eclipsed by what's freely available on the internet but the movie still carries a jolt. Just as striking is the documentary-style treatment of its contemporary locations: Austerlitz Station at dawn; an authentically bohemian apartment in the Marais; quiet restaurants and cafés; country roads without traffic. There's a grisly moment in a city slaughterhouse but the direction is so composed that it's sad rather than shocking.

With the passage of time Maîtresse has revealed itself as what the director intended it to be: a story of amour fou. Olivier (a very young Gerard Depardieu) has already met Ariane (Bulle Ogier) at her front door before he breaks into the downstairs apartment where she keeps her professional dungeon: he ignores her real self to invade her alter-ego. Once she has conceded her secret, Ariane retreats in stages. The dominatrix who starts out riding her clients later struggles to pin them down. As her relationship develops she is reduced to panic, interrupting her sessions and scrambling back up the steps. When Olivier supplants her pimp, she rejects him totally. The dungeon is dismantled and the Maîtresse disappears: her alter-ego is dead.

Olivier rides into the countryside to find Airiane (Depardieu teetering on a scooter) and deliver one last message -- an envelope stuffed with money, marked "I Love You." He has become the anti-client: a man paying Ariane to play the role of who she really is. She temporarily abandons her "real" family to pursue him and they share control of the wheel -- again, something that one could do only in a sports car of the period. They lose control, in the manner of Godard's Weekend, but emerge from the wreckage bloodied but laughing.

So things end happily. Or do they? Ariane has surrendered her mystery and her independence to two men, and it's clear that she and Olivier won't be able to remain together. Her obsessiveness is as apparent as Dixon Steele's: she is In A Lonely Place. And Olivier's wilfulness has ruined everything: homeless and unloved, he is back to where he was at the beginning of the film. The screenplay's mis en scene presents the city as a symbol of the subconscious, money is the characters' only god and sex is an escape. The great theme of film noir is: you're fucked.

What I'm consuming

• School of Seven Bells 'Secret Days' -- new single from the new EP Put Your Sad Down. They can be catchy to the point of twee but this one is just right: Suicide meets Trent Reznor.  In this 2012 interview Paul de Revere asked SVIIB's Alejandra Deheza about the band's emotional intensity:

  School of Seven Bells' music through your lyrics feels intensely spiritual, romantic, and devotional to me. Where do you pull that intensity from?
  
  I remember when I was first experimenting with writing, I would never notice that it was any more emotional than, say, something that I'd read or whatever. It wasn't until I would give people [my lyrics] to read, and they'd feel like they walked in on something and they'd be like, "Whoa. Girl, what are you going through?" I wouldn't even think twice about it. I never really noticed that it was more emotional than maybe usual.
  
  It's kind of hard to say where it comes from because it's just very natural to me. I feel like I've always been like that, for better or for worse. Writing lyrics and melodies is a really good way for me to keep balanced. I tend to feel things really intensely, and I feel like writing kind of evens it out.

• Cat Power, '3,6,9' and 'Real Life' from the new album Sun. I find Chan Marshall talented but recessive: I never quite remember her until she comes on. I liked The Greatest, especially 'Lived in Bars.' From her 2006 Spin interview with Melissa Maerz:

  You've said you've been drinking since you were very young. What started it?
  
  People who drink habitually don't realize they're doing it, because it was part of their upbringing. Everybody from my immediate family to my grandparents to my great-grandparents -- there were always severe alcoholic and psychological problems. If your parents gave you fire to play with when you were two, you'd be standing in fire by the time you were an adult. [Before my most recent hospital stay] I was drinking from the time I woke up in the morning until the time I went to bed.
  
  You recently spent a week at the hospital. What made you decide to check yourself in?
  
  It wasn't for drinking -- this was for a reaction to drinking. This was the third time I've been in the hospital. I never really connected the dots. I never really thought, "When something bad happens, you go to the bar and turn off your emotions." I never realized that I'd gotten to the point of such depression. So that's why I can't drink anymore. I need to be able to face things.

• Psychologist Judith Schlesinger has written a book that argues that the "tortured artist" is a myth:
  

  A persistent belief, fueled by media, is that creative people more often suffer bipolar disorder or other mental illness. In The Insanity Hoax: Exposing the Myth of the Mad Genius, Judith Schlesinger builds a strong argument that there is "no compelling proof that creative people have more psychological problems than members of any other vocation group."
  
  A musician herself, as well as a psychologist, Schlesinger clearly wants to defend her artistic compatriots from what she views as unfair attacks.
  
  From her data, "it's just as easy – and much better documented – to view the creative process as healthy and life affirming," and "only one characteristic of personality and orientation to life and work is... present in ALL creative people: motivation." In fact, creative people are ...actually complicated, not crazy; they are disciplined and committed, happy to take on hard projects and work hard at them; and they are intensely focused, with a 'rage to master' their chosen domain."

• Writer's block, ironically, remains an excellent plot device. This week I saw the 'extended American' cut of The Shining. The differences between that version and the shorter cut are detailed but significant. The screening was a digital 4K print and it strobed. The opening titles rose up jerkily and during the maze scenes there were visible artefacts at the edges of the frame. Do we realise what we've gotten into with digital projection? It's shit.

Noirs that aren't #1: The Howling (1981)

Los Angeles news anchor Karen White (Dee Wallace) uses herself as bait to catch serial killer Eddie Quest (Robert Picardo), arranging to meet him in a downtown porno theater. When Eddie ambushes her the police fire on him but he escapes, leaving Karen traumatised and unable to recall what she has seen. Karen's therapist Dr Waggener (Patrick Macnee) recommends she submits to his treatment at a remote commune called "The Colony," but once Karen arrives, she begins to suspect that Waggener and his followers share a secret, and that Eddie is not far away.

Based on a 1977 novel by Gary Brandner, the shooting script was co-written by John Sayles and directed by Joe Dante. Like An American Werewolf in London, the film is knowing but The Howling has an unseemly, adult quality. It's realistic in the way you don't want a horror to be. The tone is unsettling and the characters are disconsolate. Even the daytime scenes are bleak. When Karen discovers a woods cabin surrounded by ferns she deduces that it once belonged to Eddie, and enters its maze-like corridors in the time-honoured fashion. This is an old trick. Halloween did it in the dark and Alien did it in space but Dante does it in sunlight, and it makes things worse. We don't want Karen to go in there, we know that she will, and we know that we would, too, because it's a sunny day.

Likewise we would trust Patrick Macnee, because he was Steed in The Avengers. We know the Colony, like any cult, is all smiles on the surface. It's a horror movie, right? These are but the tropes. But the laughs are uneasy and the sex is sleazy from both the audience's and the characters' point of view. Elisabeth Brooks as the femme fatale is hard and grubby. The practical special effects, which were at a technical peak in 1981, are explicit and disgusting. When Dante can't film the monsters straight he switches to Dutch angles and silhouettes. He's trying to be funny. It's not.

I respect The Howling because it makes me queasy. Every character is bad and doomed; the atmosphere is horrible, the set up is hokey but the story draws you in. James Ellroy said "the great theme of noir is, you're fucked." For me The Howling's psychological themes, self-destructive protagonist and industrial daylight make it less of a horror and much more of a noir.

Let's be careful out there

Twin Peaks co-creator Mark Frost has prevailed in a legal argument over film rights. In 2008 film producers MVP Productions negotiated to purchase the rights to Frost's book The Match. A year later, says the The Hollywood Reporter, attorneys representing both parties had made statements in the affirmative:

On April 30, 2009, William Jacobson, the attorney representing MVP, proposed certain terms and stated, "Let me know if this is okay and we'll send paperwork..." Alan Wertheimer, representing Frost, responded, "done....thanks!"

Later, Frost decided he did not want MVP to make the film. ('Allegedly,' says THR, 'Frost felt MVP's execs were "dishonest" about their industry experience.') But in light of their discussions, the production company argued that a deal had been made. Now, after litigation, a California court has ruled that the author was in the right:

According to the latest ruling, it is undisputed that [Frost's attorney] didn't have actual authority to transfer the copyright.. but MVP argued there was a triable issue whether he had "ostensible authority," roughly meaning that appearances were made so as to lead others into believing the presence of a true authority.

But the appeals court says it doesn't matter. The only thing that matters is actual authority, which only comes through a writing signed by the copyright owner. 

I think every writer has an interest in stories like this -- particularly that last sentence.

Hollywood writers are typically portrayed as victims but that's less often the case in real life. I recently attended a seminar by Brian Helgeland who roundly trashed the notion that studio executives and writers don't get along. 'Executives are very smart guys,' he said, respectfully. 'Even if they don't get story.'

Cut short

This week I wrote a 27-line piece about Kurt Cobain for Mythiq 27, an anthology of art and stories about 27 musicians who died aged 27. The book will be published in France in 2013, and will be accompanied by an exhibition.

I was also asked to write 150 words about the Frankfurt Book Fair for the New Zealand Book Council.

This was almost short enough to post on Twitter although I have mixed feelings about that. In an article in the New York Times Twitter's Adam Bain described a tweet as an "envelope:" a way of enclosing content and mailing it. I like that metaphor, if only because I have inherited from my grandparents the habit of using old envelopes as notepaper.

(Pic: Frank Micelotta / Getty Images)

Prince of Darkness

October 31 I always think of John Carpenter. Halloween changed horror movies and he went on to shift things a few more times. Even his bad work is stuffed with good ideas, and his "mainstream" efforts are spiky and challenging. But most of all when you look back on his body of work you see an artist with a voice. A John Carpenter movie is as distinctive as a Scorsese or a Kubrick: the same every time but different.

From Soundtrack:

Halloween is celebrating its 20th Anniversary this month, and the score was just re-released, and they had that "other" film come out earlier this year. What are your thoughts on the apparent success of the franchise? Did you ever expect it to have such a following all these years?

You can't beat it! I get a check every time they make one of those movies. I get paid a lump sum of money every time they make a sequel. Debra Hill and the partners and I made an agreement to go ahead and have a mechanism for making sequels, since that's apparently what people wanted. They would use my music, since that's part of the film - and I would stay out of it. It's good for them - they go off and make the movie they want and they don't have me bitching at them.

Den of Geek talked to him about the prescience of his movies:

Escape From LA was a prescient film – it kind of makes more sense now than when it came out...

[laughs] Yeah!

...and the same dynamic seems to apply to They Live. What's your reaction to getting it right, but no-one believing you at the time?

It's the story of my life! [laughs] A lot of my career has been like that. I've made a couple of films that later on, upon reflection, you say 'My God'...I just wrote those things on instinct, so it's not anything I planned out. It's just my view of the world.

It's the same on The Thing, which, three years after release, would have been a trenchant social commentary...

But that's what happens in the movie business – you have to know what's going on when you make a film. I've always been a little bit out of touch with the immediate sense of the audience, I really have. So that's my fault.

One of my favourite John Carpenter movies is Prince of Darkness. Halloween had the gag about the killer ducking across the screen behind the victim; Prince of Darkness had the "found footage" of something indistinct and very scary, decades before Paranormal Activity. AICN's Quint also likes the movie:

Quint: Tone is a huge thing with me for your films. One of my favorite movies of yours, and I feel it's really underrated, is PRINCE OF DARKNESS.

John Carpenter: Thank you. You know I've heard that a couple of times recently. I agree with you.

Quint: I've talked to a lot of people and I'm like "Listen, you can look at HALLOWEEN or THE THING or ESCAPE FROM NEW YORK and those are all amazing films," but there's a tone that you hit I think in PRINCE OF DARKNESS that gets under my skin more than anything else in your filmography. It's hard for me to actually put a finger on it. It's like watching a Paul Schrader movie. There's something that instantly just in the mix of the visuals, the sound design and the story that kind of gets on to your skin as a film viewer.

John Carpenter: Well, thank you. You know as I recall at the time there was a television interviewer who said PRINCE OF DARKNESS was the worst movie of 1986. Worst movie. Worst.

Quint: Well, they were wrong.

John Carpenter: Well, not necessarily. (laughs) It wasn't at the time so much fun to be the target of that, but I don't care. It was a badge of honor for me.

Traumnovelle

I get into a lot of arguments about Eyes Wide Shut. I'm a Kubrick fan and I like the movie a lot. It stays with you as long as Full Metal Jacket: it's not as pure as that film, or 2001, and I wonder had he lived longer if he would have tightened the edit, as he often did at the last moment  -- the closing glances run longer than usual. But it's a cracker of a story, infuriating and oblique and funny, and it has an undercurrent of real dread. It's the director doing what he loves: rationalising emotion.

Interview magazine has a golden interview with Terry Semel and Tom Cruise about working with Kubrick on the film:

CRUISE: In all matters of the film, he was economical. He needed time to make the film, yes, but he also needed time to think about the film... We had a $65-million budget for Eyes Wide Shut, and everyone thinks we ended up shooting for two years. But it wasn't quite two years. I got there in August and he gave us a month off for Christmas and left about a year and a half later. But we had a lot of vacations in between. Stanley would allow us to break, and that would give him time to evaluate the film and look at the sets... And he was very smart about money. He never went back to Terry and asked for more. He stuck by the budget and did everything it allowed him to do — with the time he needed — to make his film.

SEMEL: I don't think it can be overemphasized how hands-on he was on his projects. He never became the type of filmmaker to direct from a distance.

CRUISE: Earlier on in his career, he would do all the operating. When you look at The Shining, you see that he operated a lot. He did less so on Eyes Wide Shut, but even then, he didn't want many people on the set. He wanted to keep it very contained and very intimate and personal. It was the least amount of crew I've ever had on a movie.

Kubrick's method allowed him to add the little touches:

CRUISE: There was an interesting moment during filming. We were shooting in the backlot of Pinewood Studios and he had built a set to resemble New York. We were working on a scene where I see that a guy is following me. He cast a very distinct-looking actor, a bald guy with a very particular wardrobe. In the shot, this guy walks across the street. We went back and looked at the video playback; we must have spent hours studying it, just to figure out what the behavior of this man should be like crossing the street. Finally, Stanley said, "Listen, when you're crossing the street, please don't stop staring at Tom." It looks like a very simple thing, but behaviorally, it had a tremendous effect.

In a separate interview Nicole Kidman talked to Merle Ginsberg at The Hollywood Reporter about filming Eyes Wide Shut:

There's all the mythology -- but when you got to know [Kubrick], he was practical and logical. Very well-educated... I wasn't scared of him. He could get irritated by people. I was allowed to go in his office and read his books.

On his films, he did everything: fix the sound machine, operate the camera. He even sort of handled the wardrobe -- for all his dressing low-key, Stanley actually loved clothes.

The most important thing to Stanley was time. My approach to the two-year shoot was actually very Zen. Tom and I thought, "We're so lucky, we've gotten to spend two years with the master." Stanley said the film was finished -- but if he had more time, who knows how it would have morphed.